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The Scottish vowel length rule, also known as Aitken's law. It is named after A. J. Aitken, the Scottish linguist who formulated it. It describes how vowel length in Scots, Scottish English, and to some extent Mid-Ulster English,〔Harris J. (1985) Phonological Variation and Change: Studies in Hiberno English, Cambridge. p.14〕 is conditioned by the phonetic environment of the target vowel. Certain vowels are long before /r/, voiced fricatives or a morpheme boundary. Also, vowels in word-final open syllables are long. == Phonemes == The underlying phonemes of the Scottish vowel system are as follows:〔Aitken A.J. (1984) ‘Scottish Accents and Dialects’ in ‘Language in the British Isles’ Trudgill, P. (ed). pp.94-98.〕 # Vowel 11, which occurs stem final, is diphthongised to or in Southern Scots.〔(Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxx )〕 # Vowel 3 only remains a distinct phoneme in some North Northern Scots varieties,〔(Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xxxvi )〕〔A History of Scots to 1700, pp. xcviii〕 generally merging with vowels 2 or 4 in other Modern Scots varieties.〔 # Vowel 6, when stem final, is diphthongised to in Southern Scots.〔 # Most Central Scots varieties merge vowel 7 with vowel 4 in long environments and with vowel 15 in short environments but most Northern Scots varieties merge vowel 7 with vowel 2.〔Aitken A.J. (1984) ‘Scottish Accents and Dialects’ in ‘Language in the British Isles’ Trudgill, P. (ed). p.99.〕 Vowel 7 generally remains , sometimes in short environments, in the conservative dialects of Scots spoken in parts of Perthshire and Angus, Berwickshire, Roxburghshire, East Dumfrieshire, Orkney and Shetland.〔Aitken A.J. (1981) 'The Scottish Vowel-Length Rule' in 'So meny People Longages and Tonges' Benskin, M. and Samuels M.S. (eds). p.144-145.〕 Before and vowel 7 is often realised or depending on dialect.〔(Scottish National Dictionary, Introduction p. xix )〕 # In most Central and Southern Scots varieties vowel 8 merges with vowel 4. Some other varieties distinguish, at least partially, vowels 4 and 8.〔Aitken A.J. (1981) 'The Scottish Vowel-Length Rule' in 'So meny People Longages and Tonges' Benskin, M. and Samuels M.S. (eds). p.151.〕 In Ulster Scots the realsation may be .〔Johnston P. Regional Variation in Jones C. (1997) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language, Edinburg University Press, p. 465.〕 # Vowel 13 may be vocalised to before in many Modern Scots varieties. # Some eastern and Southern Scots varieties may have more or less .〔Aitken A.J. (1984) ‘Scottish Accents and Dialects’ in ‘Language in the British Isles’ Trudgill, P. (ed). p.101.〕 # In some Modern Scots varieties vowel 17 may merge with vowel 12 in long environments.〔Aitken A.J. (1981) 'The Scottish Vowel-Length Rule' in 'So meny People Longages and Tonges' Benskin, M. and Samuels M.S. (eds). p.150.〕 (see below) # Vowel 18 may merge with vowel 5 in Central and Southern Scots varieties.〔Aitken A.J. (1981) 'The Scottish Vowel-Length Rule' in 'So meny People Longages and Tonges' Benskin, M. and Samuels M.S. (eds). p.152.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Scottish vowel length rule」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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